You can never ever ever notch or bore through the top or bottom flange or chord.
Floor joist orientation.
How to find a ceiling joist.
Endgroup carl witthoft jan 29 16 at 13 36 begingroup carlwitthoft.
Ceiling joists are usually installed either 16 or 24 inches on center which means roughly 16 or 24 inches apart.
There are often visual clues.
Common sense tells you that large floor joists can carry more load and spacing joists closer together also increases the load bearing capacity of a floor.
The floor joists may run parallel to the short dimension at the floor level but at the roof level the short dimension is the opposite direction.
Ceiling joists can run in any direction and it is often very difficult to tell which way they are running without being able to seem them.
The op wants to know how a beam of rectangular cross section handles that stress as a function of orientation.
The roof is modern or unique such as a single sloped roof flat roof or a unique overhang.
Once you ve located the first one the others are.
Holes anywhere in the web.
You can drill 1 1 2 in.
In fact most have little perforated knockout holes that can be punched out with the swing of a hammer.
The extra two inches of vertical distance when a floor is framed with 2 x 10 joists rather than 2 x 12s can be quite important for example.
Notching wood and boring rules engineered i beam rules.